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Josef Spacil (3 January 1907, Munich – 13 February 1967) was a Nazi ''SS-Standartenführer'' (Colonel), a ''Befehlshaber der Sicherheitspolizei und des SD Niederlande'' (Commander of the Security Police and Security Service Netherlands), an ''SS-Wirtschafter beim Höheren SS- und Polizeiführer Russland-Süd'' (SS economist at the Higher SS and Police Leader office for southern Russia) and the ''Chef der Amtsgruppe II'' (Chief of Section II) in RSHA. In 1945 he was involved with the disposal of Nazi gold in the Bavarian Alps. According to the American authors Kenneth Alford and Theodore Savas ''SS Standartenführer'' Josef Spacil was promoted to ''SS Oberführer'' on 20 April 1945 but there is no independent confirmation of this.〔Kenneth A. Alford & Theodore P. Savas, ''Nazi Millionaires: The Allied Search for Hidden SS Gold'' (Casemate; 2002) ISBN 0-9711709-6-7 , page.93.〕 ==Life== Josef Spacil was born in Munich on 3 January 1907 to a family of Slav heritage (Spáčil is a colourful and distinctly Czech surname meaning 'sleeper'). He was raised in Bavaria by his mother and a stepfather surnamed "Aue". In his youth Spacil trained to become a professional wages accountant. Spacil joined the NSDAP before 1933 and was member number 1,200,941. He joined the SS on 10 April 1931 (membership number # 6797) and on 1 October 1932 he was awarded the officer rank of SS ''Untersturmführer''. The promotion to ''SS Obersturmführer'' took place on 23 August 1933, to ''SS Hauptsturmführer'' (captain) on 9 November 1933 and ''SS Sturmbannführer'' on 9 November 1934. From 1934 ''SS Sturmbannführer'' Josef Spacil was used on the staff of the Reichsführer-SS. A year later he transferred to the SS Main Office (''SS-Hauptamt''). On the staff of the SS-Danube office (''Oberabschnittes Donau''), he was an ''SS-Wirtschafts- und Verwaltungsführer'' or economic and administrative leader used in 1938. Between 12 December 1939 and 28 February 1940 he was assigned to the ''1. SS-Totenkopf-Reiterstandarte'' (the 3rd SS Division Totenkopf cavalry regiment). On 23 December 1937 he married the Mannheim-born Marianne Behrens. Over 1943 to 1945 he is alleged to have maintained a mistress named Gretl Biesecker.〔Kenneth A. Alford & Theodore P. Savas, ''Nazi Millionaires: The Allied Search for Hidden SS Gold'' (Casemate; 2002) ISBN 0-9711709-6-7 , page.95.〕 From 31 March 1940 his duties were as a staff officer of the Chief of the ''SS-Wirtschafts- und Verwaltungshauptamtes'' (WVHA) or SS Economic and Administration Main Office under ''SS Obergruppenführer'' Oswald Pohl. He also served in the ''SS-Verwaltungsschule'' or SS Administration School at Dachau between 1 April to 21 June 1940. After the Western campaign Spacil served for nine months between 22 June 1940 to 12 March 1941 as a ''Befehlshaber der Sicherheitspolizei und des SD'' or Commander of the Security Police and SD in the occupied Netherlands. On 1 May 1941 he returned to the staff of the Reichsführer-SS where he remained until 1 August 1941. At some point during the war Spacil was also awarded the ''Kriegsverdienstkreuz'' (War Merit Cross) ''1.Klasse mit Schwertern'' (First Class with Swords). The award had two variants : ''mit Schwertern'' was given only to soldiers for exceptional service in battle above and beyond the call of duty (but not worthy of an Iron Cross which was more a bravery award). After the start of the war against the USSR Spacil was attached to the ''Höheren SS- und Polizeiführer (HSSPF) Russland-Nord'' or Higher SS and Police Leader for northern Russia in Riga, Latvia, until 15 October 1941. As an economist he was transferred on 26 October 1941 to the parallel office for southern Russia. From 1 March 1944 Spacil took over as the last ''Chef die Amtsgruppe II (Organisation, Verwaltung und Recht) des Reichssicherheitshauptamtes'' or Chief of Section II (organization, administration and law) of the Reich Main Security Office. On 20 April 1944 was promoted to ''SS Standartenführer'' (Colonel) and in January 1945 he was awarded the ''Deutsches Kreuz in Silber'' (German Cross in silver) for distinguished service to the state. "Spacil's RSHA Bureau II had administered the assets everyone knew had been stolen from those shipped off to slave labor and death camps. Spacil had issued a flurry of decrees aimed at extricating wealth from overrun cities and territories in the East."〔Kenneth A. Alford & Theodore P. Savas, ''Nazi Millionaires: The Allied Search for Hidden SS Gold'' (Casemate; 2002) ISBN 0-9711709-6-7 , page.124.〕 As the affective heads of accounts inside RSHA Spacil was involved in or aware of Operation Bernhard, although to what degree is still disputed. After the war ''SS Gruppenführer'' Dr. Otto Ohlendorf (1907–1951, head of the interior division of SD) alleged that Spacil “...spent considerable effort placing forged British banknotes into circulation for the purchase of black market items in southern Europe.”〔Kenneth A. Alford & Theodore P. Savas, ''Nazi Millionaires: The Allied Search for Hidden SS Gold'' (Casemate; 2002) ISBN 0-9711709-6-7 , page.90.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Josef Spacil」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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